Packaging systems are very important for fresh fruits and vegetables. Fresh fruits are highly sensitive to rotting. Careful protection is needed during transportation and marketing. Depending on the product and its purpose, packages are made in different sizes, shapes, and materials. Packaging plays an important role in conservation, preservation, and transport. There are different levels of packaging:
- Harvesting Package: This type of package is used to harvest produce from the field.
- Field Package: After harvesting, the produce needs to be stored in a packing house or pre-cooling site before transportation. This type of package is called a field package. These packages are usually made of wood, with a capacity range of 14–20 kg.
- Shipping Package: A shipping package is used not only during shipping but also for storage and marketing. The capacity range is typically between 6–18 kg.
- Consumer Package: This package is used for marketing the produce to consumers. It may be made of plastic, paper, or fiberboard cartons.
Why is Fruit Packaging Important?
During transport, storage, and marketing, packages protect the produce from mechanical injury. The produce can also be safeguarded from contamination by live organisms. Buyers can access sufficient information about the product through the packaging, such as product type, variety, size, class, quality grade, net weight or count, country of origin, name and address of the grower, packer or exporter, brand name, and details of treatments like pesticide use. Packaging is crucial for promoting and selling products. An attractive package can lead to higher sales or enhanced branding.
Types of Packaging
Different types of packaging are used depending on the crop type, transportation needs, and desired shelf life.
1. Mesh Bags: Made of polyethylene (PE) or other mesh materials, mesh bags allow airflow to prevent moisture buildup. They are mainly used for potatoes, onions, and citrus fruits.
2. Corrugated Boxes: These eco-friendly boxes, made of corrugated cardboard, are customizable and sturdy, commonly used for shipping and retail display. They are used for packaging apples, pears, and tomatoes.
3. Plastic Crates: Reusable and durable crates made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or other plastic materials are ideal for transporting and sorting fruits and vegetables, with a capacity of around 20 kg. These crates are used for berries, stone fruits, and vegetables.
4. Wooden Crates: Made entirely of wood, these traditional and sturdy crates provide good protection and ventilation for certain crops. They are used for root vegetables, apples, and pears.
5. Punnets and Clamshells: These small, individual containers are suitable for berries and small fruits, offering visibility and protection. Made of plastic (PET or PP), they are mainly used for berries and cherry tomatoes.
6. Bulk Bins: Large bins for bulk quantities, often used for storing and transporting root vegetables, are made of wood or plastic. Potatoes, onions, and pumpkins are commonly packaged in bulk bins.
7. Pouches and Flexible Packaging: Lightweight and adaptable, pouches are used for products that don’t require rigid packaging. Made of flexible plastics like polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), they are used for dried fruits and herbs.
8. Foam Trays and Cling Film: These provide a protective base for fruits and vegetables, often wrapped in cling film to maintain freshness. Made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) or other foam materials, they are used for fresh produce in supermarkets.
9. Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging: Environmentally friendly options designed to decompose and reduce environmental impact. These are made from various plant-based materials and are used for a variety of horticultural crops.
10. Hybrid Packaging: Combining the strengths of different materials, hybrid packaging meets specific requirements. For instance, it may involve cardboard with plastic lining and is used for sensitive fruits that need a balance of protection and breathability.
